Chimiro che substation chinogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa ingave kongiri kana simbi, ine zvigadziriso senge portal mafuremu uye π-yakaumbwa zvimiro. Sarudzo zvakare inoenderana nekuti iyo midziyo yakarongedzwa mune imwe nhanho kana akawanda akaturikidzana.

1. Transformers

Transformers ndiyo midziyo mikuru muzviteshi zvidiki uye inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri-inotenderedza mhepo, matatu-anotenderedza transformers, uye autotransformers (iyo inogovera mhepo kune ese ari maviri akakwira uye akaderera voltage, ine pombi inotorwa kubva kune yakakwira mhepo inomonereka kushanda seyakaderera. voltage kubuda). Iwo mazinga evoltage akaenzana nehuwandu hwekutendeuka mumhepo, nepo ikozvino iri inversely proportional.

Transformers inogona kuverengerwa zvichienderana nebasa rayo kuita nhanho-kumusoro shandurudzo (inoshandiswa mukutumira substations) uye nhanho-pasi transformers (inoshandiswa mukugamuchira substations). Iyo voltage ye transformer inofanira kufanana nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Kuti uchengetedze mazinga anogamuchirwa emagetsi pasi pemitoro yakasiyana, ma transformer angangoda kushandura tap yekubatanidza.

Zvichienderana netap switching nzira, ma transformer anogona kuiswa mu---load tap-kuchinja-chinja-chinja uye off-load tap-inoshandura mashanduri. On-load tap-changing transformers inonyanya kushandiswa mukugamuchira substations.

2. Zviridzwa Transformers

Magetsi emagetsi uye mashanduri emazuva ano anoshanda zvakafanana kune anoshandura, achishandura high voltage uye mafungu makuru kubva mumichina nemabhazi mabhasi kuita yakaderera voltage uye ikozvino mazinga akakodzera kuyera zviridzwa, relay kudzivirira, uye kudzora zvishandiso. Pasi peyakarongerwa mamiriro ekushanda, iyo yechipiri voltage yevoltage transformer i100V, nepo yechipiri ikozvino yeazvino transformer inowanzoita 5A kana 1A. Izvo zvakakosha kuti udzivise kuvhura yechipiri dunhu reshanduko yazvino, sezvo izvi zvichigona kutungamira kune yakakwira voltage inoisa njodzi kumidziyo nevashandi.

3. Kushandura Equipment

Izvi zvinosanganisira mabreaker breaker, isolators, load switch, uye high-voltage fuses, ayo anoshandiswa kuvhura nekuvhara masekete. Circuit breaker anoshandiswa kubatanidza uye kubvisa maseketi panguva yekushanda kwakajairika uye otomatiki anozviparadzanisa nemidziyo isina kunaka uye mitsetse iri pasi pekutonga kwezvidziviriro zvekudzivirira. KuChina, zvinopwanya mhepo nesarufa hexafluoride (SF6) zvinopwanya maseketi zvinowanzo shandiswa muzviteshi zvakayerwa pamusoro pe220kV.

Basa rekutanga rezvitsaura (banga switch) nderekuparadzanisa voltage panguva yemidziyo kana kugadzirisa mutsara kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza. Havagoni kukanganisa mutoro kana kukanganisa kwemhepo uye inofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete nemagetsi emagetsi. Munguva yekudzima kwemagetsi, mutsigiri wedunhu anofanira kuvhurwa pamberi peiyo isolator, uye panguva yekudzoreredza simba, iyo isolator inofanira kuvharwa pamberi pedunhu. Kushanda kusina kunaka kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemidziyo uye kukuvara kwemunhu.

Kuchinja kwemutoro kunogona kukanganisa mafambiro ekuremerwa panguva yekushanda kwakajairwa asi kushaya simba rekukanganisa mafungu ekutadza. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete neakakwira-voltage fuse yematransformer kana mitsara inobuda yakayerwa pa10kV uye pamusoro isingawanzo shandiswa.

Kuderedza tsoka dzezviteshi, SF6-insulated switchgear (GIS) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Iyi tekinoroji inosanganisa mabreaker breaker, isolators, mabhazi, machinjiro ekuisa pasi, chiridzwa chekushandura, uye kumisa tambo kuita compact, yakavharwa unit yakazadzwa neSF6 gasi senge inodzivirira svikiro. GIS inopa zvakanakira senge compact chimiro, huremu, kusadzivirirwa kune zvakatipoteredza mamiriro, yakawedzera nguva yekugadzirisa, uye yakaderedzwa njodzi yekuvhunduka kwemagetsi uye kukanganiswa kweruzha. Yakashandiswa muzviteshi zvishoma zvinosvika 765kV. Nekudaro, inodhura uye inoda yakakwirira kugadzira uye kugadzirisa zviyero.

4. Mheni Dziviriro Equipment

Zviteshi zvepasi zvakashongedzerwa zvakare nemidziyo yekudzivirira mheni, kunyanya mheni tsvimbo uye surge arresters. Mheni inodzivirira kurova kwemheni yakananga kuburikidza nekunangisa mheni pasi. Kana mheni ikarova mitsetse iri pedyo, inogona kukonzera overvoltage mukati mechiteshi. Pamusoro pezvo, mashandiro emagetsi edunhu anogona kukonzera overvoltage. Masurge arresters anongozvidonhedzera pasi kana overvoltage yadarika imwe chikumbaridzo, nekudaro ichidzivirira michina. Mushure mekubvisa, vanokurumidza kudzima arc kuti vave nechokwadi chekushanda kwemaitiro, senge zinc oxide surge arresters.